The full 50-state charging order strength matrix. Each row lists statutory cite, case law trigger, and whether single-member LLCs are explicitly protected. Use this for asset-protection planning across jurisdictions.
Use the search/sort in the live tool, or scroll the snapshot below.
Each entry cites the state code section and summarizes the COP scope (exclusive remedy vs available remedy).
Wyoming and Nevada explicitly extend COP to single-member LLCs. Other strong-COP states left this ambiguous. Florida (Olmstead, 2010) explicitly denied SMLLC protection.
| State▲ | COP strength↕ | SMLLC protected?↕ | Score↕ | Statutory cite |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama (AL) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | Ala. Code § 10A-5A-5.03 |
| Alaska (AK) | Strong | Likely | 80 | AS 10.50.380 |
| Arizona (AZ) | Strong | Likely | 75 | ARS § 29-3503 |
| Arkansas (AR) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | Ark. Code § 4-32-705 |
| California (CA) | Weak | Unsettled | 35 | Cal. Corp. Code § 17705.03 |
| Colorado (CO) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | C.R.S. § 7-80-703 |
| Connecticut (CT) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | C.G.S. § 34-259 |
| Delaware (DE) | Strong | Yes | 85 | 6 Del. C. § 18-703 |
| Florida (FL) | Weak | No | 25 | Fla. Stat. § 605.0503 (Olmstead, 2010) |
| Georgia (GA) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | O.C.G.A. § 14-11-504 |
| Hawaii (HI) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | HRS § 428-504 |
| Idaho (ID) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | Idaho Code § 30-25-503 |
| Illinois (IL) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | 805 ILCS 180/30-20 |
| Indiana (IN) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | Ind. Code § 23-18-6-7 |
| Iowa (IA) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | Iowa Code § 489.503 |
| Kansas (KS) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | K.S.A. § 17-76,113 |
| Kentucky (KY) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | KRS § 275.260 |
| Louisiana (LA) | Weak | Unsettled | 40 | La. R.S. 12:1331 |
| Maine (ME) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | 31 MRSA § 1573 |
| Maryland (MD) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | Md. Code Corp. & Assn. § 4A-607 |
| Massachusetts (MA) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156C § 26 |
| Michigan (MI) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | MCL § 450.4507 |
| Minnesota (MN) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | Minn. Stat. § 322C.0503 |
| Mississippi (MS) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | Miss. Code § 79-29-703 |
| Missouri (MO) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | Mo. Rev. Stat. § 347.119 |
| Montana (MT) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | MCA § 35-8-705 |
| Nebraska (NE) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | Neb. Rev. Stat. § 21-141 |
| Nevada (NV) | Strongest | Yes | 100 | NRS 86.401 |
| New Hampshire (NH) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | RSA 304-C:122 |
| New Jersey (NJ) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | N.J. Stat. § 42:2C-43 |
| New Mexico (NM) | Strong | Unsettled | 70 | NMSA 53-19-35 |
| New York (NY) | Weak | Unsettled | 35 | NY LLCL § 607 |
| North Carolina (NC) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | N.C. Gen. Stat. § 57D-5-03 |
| North Dakota (ND) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | N.D.C.C. § 10-32.1-43 |
| Ohio (OH) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | Ohio R.C. § 1706.343 |
| Oklahoma (OK) | Strong | Likely | 75 | 18 OS § 2034 |
| Oregon (OR) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | ORS § 63.259 |
| Pennsylvania (PA) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | 15 Pa.C.S. § 8853 |
| Rhode Island (RI) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | R.I. Gen. Laws § 7-16-37 |
| South Carolina (SC) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | S.C. Code § 33-44-504 |
| South Dakota (SD) | Strong | Likely | 80 | SDCL 47-34A-503 |
| Tennessee (TN) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | Tenn. Code § 48-249-509 |
| Texas (TX) | Strong | Likely | 80 | Tex. Bus. Org. § 101.112 |
| Utah (UT) | Strong | Likely | 75 | Utah Code § 48-3a-503 |
| Vermont (VT) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | 11 V.S.A. § 4054 |
| Virginia (VA) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | Va. Code § 13.1-1041.1 |
| Washington (WA) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | RCW § 25.15.256 |
| West Virginia (WV) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | W. Va. Code § 31B-5-504 |
| Wisconsin (WI) | Moderate | Unsettled | 55 | Wis. Stat. § 183.0703 |
| Wyoming (WY) | Strongest | Yes | 100 | WY Stat. § 17-29-503 |
Static snapshot pulled from current state filing fees, statutes, and pricing data. Updates when source data changes.
| State | Strength | SMLLC protected? | Statutory / case-law basis |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama | Moderate | Unsettled | Ala. Code § 10A-5A-5.03 — COP available; SMLLC protection limited |
| Alaska | Strong | Likely | AS 10.50.380 — COP exclusive remedy |
| Arizona | Strong | Likely | ARS § 29-3503 — COP exclusive remedy |
| Arkansas | Moderate | Unsettled | Ark. Code § 4-32-705 — COP available |
| California | Weak (case-law) | Unsettled | Cal. Corp. Code § 17705.03 — COP statutory but courts may compel reverse-veil-piercing remedies |
| Colorado | Moderate | Unsettled | C.R.S. § 7-80-703 — COP available; SMLLC carve-out by case law |
| Connecticut | Moderate | Unsettled | C.G.S. § 34-259 — COP available |
| Delaware | Strong | Yes | 6 Del. C. § 18-703 — COP exclusive; SMLLC question debated but case law favors COP |
| Florida | Weak (SMLLC) | No (Olmstead) | Fla. Stat. § 605.0503 — Olmstead v. FTC (2010) allows foreclosure of SMLLC interest |
| Georgia | Moderate | Unsettled | O.C.G.A. § 14-11-504 — COP available |
| Hawaii | Moderate | Unsettled | HRS § 428-504 — COP available |
| Idaho | Moderate | Unsettled | Idaho Code § 30-25-503 — COP available |
| Illinois | Moderate | Unsettled | 805 ILCS 180/30-20 — COP available |
| Indiana | Moderate | Unsettled | Ind. Code § 23-18-6-7 — COP available |
| Iowa | Moderate | Unsettled | Iowa Code § 489.503 — COP available |
| Kansas | Moderate | Unsettled | K.S.A. § 17-76,113 — COP available |
| Kentucky | Moderate | Unsettled | KRS § 275.260 — COP available |
| Louisiana | Weak | Unsettled | La. R.S. 12:1331 — COP available but courts may permit foreclosure |
| Maine | Moderate | Unsettled | 31 MRSA § 1573 — COP available |
| Maryland | Moderate | Unsettled | Md. Code Corp. & Assn. § 4A-607 — COP available |
| Massachusetts | Moderate | Unsettled | Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 156C § 26 — COP available |
| Michigan | Moderate | Unsettled | MCL § 450.4507 — COP available |
| Minnesota | Moderate | Unsettled | Minn. Stat. § 322C.0503 — COP available |
| Mississippi | Moderate | Unsettled | Miss. Code § 79-29-703 — COP available |
| Missouri | Moderate | Unsettled | Mo. Rev. Stat. § 347.119 — COP available |
| Montana | Moderate | Unsettled | MCA § 35-8-705 — COP available |
| Nebraska | Moderate | Unsettled | Neb. Rev. Stat. § 21-141 — COP available |
| Nevada | Strongest | Yes | NRS 86.401 — COP exclusive remedy; explicitly covers single-member LLCs |
| New Hampshire | Moderate | Unsettled | RSA 304-C:122 — COP available |
| New Jersey | Moderate | Unsettled | N.J. Stat. § 42:2C-43 — COP available |
| New Mexico | Strong | Unsettled | NMSA 53-19-35 — COP remedy; no express SMLLC carve-out, statutory ambiguity |
| New York | Weak (case-law) | Unsettled | NY LLCL § 607 — COP available; foreclosure permitted in some cases |
| North Carolina | Moderate | Unsettled | N.C. Gen. Stat. § 57D-5-03 — COP available |
| North Dakota | Moderate | Unsettled | N.D.C.C. § 10-32.1-43 — COP available |
| Ohio | Moderate | Unsettled | Ohio R.C. § 1706.343 — COP available |
| Oklahoma | Strong | Likely | 18 OS § 2034 — COP statutory remedy; SMLLC application uncertain |
| Oregon | Moderate | Unsettled | ORS § 63.259 — COP available |
| Pennsylvania | Moderate | Unsettled | 15 Pa.C.S. § 8853 — COP available |
| Rhode Island | Moderate | Unsettled | R.I. Gen. Laws § 7-16-37 — COP available |
| South Carolina | Moderate | Unsettled | S.C. Code § 33-44-504 — COP available |
| South Dakota | Strong | Likely | SDCL 47-34A-503 — COP exclusive remedy |
| Tennessee | Moderate | Unsettled | Tenn. Code § 48-249-509 — COP available |
| Texas | Strong | Likely | Tex. Bus. Org. § 101.112 — COP exclusive remedy |
| Utah | Strong | Likely | Utah Code § 48-3a-503 — COP statutory remedy |
| Vermont | Moderate | Unsettled | 11 V.S.A. § 4054 — COP available |
| Virginia | Moderate | Unsettled | Va. Code § 13.1-1041.1 — COP available |
| Washington | Moderate | Unsettled | RCW § 25.15.256 — COP available |
| West Virginia | Moderate | Unsettled | W. Va. Code § 31B-5-504 — COP available |
| Wisconsin | Moderate | Unsettled | Wis. Stat. § 183.0703 — COP available |
| Wyoming | Strongest | Yes | WY Stat. Ann. § 17-29-503 — COP exclusive remedy for SMLLC and MMLLC; no foreclosure |
Strength tiers reflect a combination of statute (whether COP is declared the exclusive creditor remedy) and case law (whether courts have permitted foreclosure of LLC interests). 'Strongest' = WY, NV. 'Strong' = explicit exclusive-remedy statute. 'Moderate' = standard ULLCA-derived COP. 'Weak' = case law allows foreclosure or alternative remedies. Not legal advice — confirm with counsel.
Strongest: COP declared exclusive remedy by statute AND SMLLCs explicitly covered (Wyoming, Nevada). Strong: explicit exclusive-remedy statute (Delaware, New Mexico, Alaska, Arizona, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Utah, Texas). Moderate: standard COP remedy without explicit exclusivity language. Weak: case law allows foreclosure or alternative creditor remedies (Florida post-Olmstead, New York case law, California for high-value cases).
Strongest = best for asset-protection planning. Strong = good for most owners. Moderate = COP available but creditor may pursue alternative remedies. Weak = expect foreclosure or reverse-veil-piercing to be permitted. SMLLC interest holders should especially seek Strongest-tier states.
A common asset-protection structure: operate the business in your home state, but hold the LLC membership interest through a holding LLC formed in a Strongest-tier state (Wyoming or Nevada). If a creditor attacks your ownership interest, the strongest state's COP rules govern the membership-interest remedy.
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